A part of the 3'-flanking region of BP-II gene, which is one of Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholopase A(2) (PLA(2)) isozyme genes, has a region homologous to avian chicken repeat 1 (CR1)-element. In the present study, ten CR1-like elements were further identified in T. gramineus venom gland PLA(2) isozyme genes, T. flavoviridis PLA(2) inhibitor (PLI) genes, and T. flavoviridis and T. gramineus TATA-box binding protein (TBP) genes. Southern blot analysis using a probe for CR1 showed that Crotalinae snake genomes contain a number of CR1-like elements. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.